Step 2: Social Security Reviews Your Medical Evidence

After you submit your SSDI process, Social Security sends your file to a state agency called Disability information Services (DDS). This is where a team of people — usually a disability examiner and a medical or vocational consultant — reads through everything you submitted and decides whether your condition meets Social Security's definition of disability.

The DDS does not contact you right away. Instead, they start by reviewing the medical records you already provided. If those records are complete enough to make a decision, they may not ask for anything else. If gaps exist — missing test results, no recent doctor visit, unclear diagnosis — they will request additional records from your doctors or order a consultative exam.

This step typically takes 3 to 5 months, though it can take longer if your medical history is complex or if DDS is backlogged. You will not hear from Social Security every day; long stretches of silence are normal.

Key Takeaways

  • A state agency called Disability information Services, not Social Security directly, makes the first decision on your case.
  • DDS reviews your medical records to see if your condition meets Social Security's strict definition of disability.
  • If your records are incomplete, DDS will ask your doctors for more information or schedule a free exam paid for by Social Security.
  • The review process usually takes 3 to 5 months, and you should not expect frequent updates during this time.
  • You can check the status of your process online through your Social Security account or by calling 1-800-772-1213.

What DDS Is Looking For in Your Medical Records

DDS does not straightforward check whether you have a diagnosis. They check whether your condition is severe enough that you cannot work at all — not just in your old job, but in any job that exists in the economy. This is a high bar. Social Security has a list of conditions that automatically meet this standard (called the "Blue Book"), but most people do not have one of those conditions.

Instead, DDS looks at your medical records to see: How long has this been going on? What do your test results show? What do your doctors say you can and cannot do physically or mentally? How often do you see a doctor, and what treatment are you following? The more recent and detailed your records, the easier it is for DDS to understand your situation.

If your records show you stopped treatment or have not seen a doctor in over a year, DDS will likely order a consultative exam. This is a free medical appointment that Social Security pays for. A doctor or psychologist will examine you and send a report back to DDS. You do not choose the doctor — Social Security does — but the exam is free to you.

When DDS Asks for More Information

DDS may contact you or your doctors in writing to request additional records. Common requests include recent lab work, imaging results (X-rays, MRIs), mental health evaluations, or a statement from your treating doctor about what you can do on a daily basis.

If you receive a letter asking for records, respond within the timeframe given — usually 10 to 30 days. If you cannot get the records in time, call the number on the letter and ask for an extension. Delays in responding can slow down your case significantly.

You can also send in additional medical records on your own at any time during the review. If you have had a recent doctor visit or test since you applied, send those results to Social Security. Include a cover letter with your name, Social Security number, and a brief note explaining what the records show.

The Consultative Exam: What to Expect

If DDS orders a consultative exam, you will receive a letter in the mail with the date, time, and location. The exam is usually with a doctor or psychologist in your area. Bring your ID and insurance card if you have one, though the exam is free regardless.

The doctor will ask about your medical history, your symptoms, and what you can and cannot do. They may perform a physical exam or give you tests depending on your condition. The entire appointment usually takes 30 minutes to an hour. You can bring someone with you if you need support, but they typically cannot speak for you during the exam.

After the exam, the doctor sends a report to DDS. You do not see this report automatically, but you can request it from Social Security if you want to know what was written. The exam is not a pass-or-fail test — it is straightforward another piece of medical evidence for DDS to consider.

How to Track Your process Status

You can check on your process without calling. If you created a my Social Security account when you applied, log in and look for your process status. The account shows whether DDS has received your file and sometimes provides updates as the review progresses.

You can also call Social Security at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778 for deaf and hard of hearing). Have your Social Security number ready. The wait time is often long, especially early in the morning or on Mondays, but representatives can tell you whether DDS is still reviewing your case or if a decision has been made.

Do not expect Social Security to call you unless they need additional information or have made a decision. If you move or change your phone number, update your address with Social Security right away so you do not miss important mail.

What Happens If Your Records Are Incomplete

Incomplete medical records are one of the most common reasons cases take longer or result in a denial. If you have not seen a doctor in several months, DDS may assume your condition has improved. If you have a diagnosis but no test results to back it up, DDS cannot verify the severity.

Before DDS makes a final decision, they will give you a chance to submit more records. If you receive a letter asking for information, take it seriously. This is your opportunity to fill in the gaps. If you cannot afford to see a doctor, ask your local health department or a community health center about low-cost or free clinics.

If you have been receiving treatment but your records are scattered across multiple providers, gather them yourself and send them to Social Security. Include records from every doctor, therapist, hospital, or clinic you have visited related to your condition. The more complete your file, the stronger your case.

Understanding the Timeline: What Comes Next

After DDS finishes reviewing your case — usually 3 to 5 months after you applied — they send a decision letter to your home address. This letter will say either that your condition meets the definition of disability, or that it does not.

If approved, the letter explains when your benefits start and how much you will receive each month. If denied, the letter explains why and tells you how to request a reconsideration (which is a second review by a different examiner) or how to appeal to an administrative law judge.

Do not throw away any letters from Social Security, even if they seem routine. Keep them in a folder so you have a record of your case. If you are denied and decide to appeal, these letters are important documentation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I work while DDS is reviewing my process?

Yes. Working does not automatically disqualify you, but Social Security will look at how much you earn. If you earn more than $1,550 per month (in 2024), Social Security may assume you are capable of working and deny your claim. The exact amount changes each year. If you are working, tell Social Security about your income when you explore.

What if I move during the review process?

Contact Social Security when ready with your new address. Mail your change of address to the Social Security office that handles your case, or update it through your my Social Security account. If Social Security cannot reach you, they may close your case or make a decision without all the information they need.

How long does a consultative exam take?

Most consultative exams last 30 minutes to an hour. You will be in and out relatively quickly. The exam is straightforward — the doctor is gathering information for DDS, not treating you. You do not need to prepare anything special, just bring your ID.

Can I submit medical records after I explore?

Yes. You can send additional records to Social Security at any time during the review. Mail them to the address on your process letter, or upload them through your my Social Security account if you have one. Include your name and Social Security number on everything you send.

What does it mean if DDS asks for a consultative exam?

It means your existing medical records do not give DDS enough information to make a decision. This is not a bad sign — it is straightforward a step in the process. The exam gives DDS current medical evidence about your condition. Many people who have consultative exams are eventually approved.