What You Need to Know Before You Start

explore for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in California works the same way as it does in every other state—you explore through Social Security, not through the state. California does not run its own disability program for federal benefits. However, California does offer State Disability Insurance (SDI), which is different from SSDI and covers short-term disabilities. This guide focuses on SSDI, which is what most people mean when they say "disability benefits."

You can start your SSDI process online, by phone, or in person at a Social Security office. The online process is usually fastest. You will need medical records showing your condition, work history, and personal documents like your birth certificate and proof of citizenship. The whole process typically takes three to six months, though it can take longer if Social Security needs more information from your doctors.

Key Takeaways

  • You explore for SSDI through Social Security directly, not through California—the state does not run the federal disability program.
  • You can start your process online at ssa.gov, by calling 1-800-772-1213, or by visiting a local Social Security office in person.
  • You will need medical records from your doctors, a list of your jobs and dates worked, and documents proving your identity and citizenship.
  • Social Security will contact your doctors directly to request medical evidence, so you do not have to collect and mail records yourself.
  • If Social Security denies your process, you can request reconsideration or appeal—most people are denied the first time.

Starting Your process Online, by Phone, or In Person

The fastest way to explore is online at ssa.gov/applyfordisability. You create an account, answer questions about your medical condition and work history, and submit. You can save your progress and come back later if you need to. The online process takes about 15 to 20 minutes if you have your information ready.

If you prefer to explore by phone, call 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778 for deaf and hard of hearing). A representative will ask you the same questions and submit your process. You can also walk into any Social Security office in California and explore in person. To find your local office, go to ssa.gov/locator and enter your zip code.

Whichever method you choose, Social Security will send you a confirmation letter with your process number. Keep this number—you will use it to check the status of your case and to contact Social Security about your process.

What Documents and Information You Need

Before you start, gather these items:

  • Your Social Security number
  • Your birth certificate
  • Proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful permanent resident status (passport, naturalization papers, or green card)
  • A list of all jobs you have held in the past 15 years, with dates and the names of your employers
  • Your most recent W-2 form or tax return
  • Names and addresses of all doctors, hospitals, and clinics that have treated you for your condition
  • Dates of your medical visits and the names of any medications you take

You do not need to collect your medical records yourself. When you explore, you give Social Security the names of your doctors. Social Security will contact them directly and ask them to send your records. This usually takes two to four weeks. If your doctors are slow to respond, Social Security may contact you and ask you to help speed things up.

What Social Security Looks For in Your Medical Records

Social Security needs to see that your condition is severe enough that you cannot work at all, and that it is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. They are not looking for a diagnosis alone—they want to see test results, imaging, lab work, and notes from your doctors about how your condition affects your ability to function day to day.

For example, if you have back pain, Social Security wants to see imaging results (X-rays or MRI), notes from your doctor about what movements you cannot do, and how long you can sit or stand. If you have a mental health condition, they want to see notes from your therapist or psychiatrist about how it affects your concentration, memory, and ability to interact with others.

If your medical records are thin or old, Social Security may ask you to see a doctor for a new evaluation. In some cases, Social Security will pay for this exam. If you cannot afford to see a doctor on your own, tell Social Security—they may be able to help.

Understanding the Timeline and Status Checks

After you explore, Social Security sends your case to a state agency called Disability information Services (DDS). In California, this is handled by the California Department of Social Services, Disability information Division. DDS reviews your medical records and decides whether you meet Social Security's definition of disability.

The whole process usually takes three to six months. During this time, you can check the status of your case online at ssa.gov/myaccount or by calling 1-800-772-1213 with your process number. Social Security will contact you if they need more information—usually by mail, but sometimes by phone.

If Social Security needs more medical evidence, they will ask your doctors for it. This can add weeks to the timeline. If your doctors do not respond quickly, Social Security may contact you and ask you to follow up with them directly.

What Happens If Social Security Says No

Most people are denied on their first process. This does not mean you cannot get benefits—it means you have the right to ask Social Security to look at your case again.

You have 60 days from the date on your denial letter to request reconsideration. This means a different examiner at DDS will review your case. You can submit new medical records or additional information about why you cannot work. Many people submit new medical evidence at this stage—for example, test results from the months after they first applied.

If reconsideration is also denied, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is a real hearing where you can present evidence and testify about your condition. You can bring a lawyer or representative. Many people win at the hearing stage. You have 60 days from the reconsideration denial to request a hearing.

Working With a Lawyer or Representative

You do not need a lawyer to explore for SSDI, but many people hire one after they are denied. A lawyer can help you gather medical evidence, prepare for a hearing, and present your case to a judge. Social Security limits what a lawyer can charge—they can take up to 25 percent of your back pay (the money owed from the date you became disabled), up to a maximum of $7,200. They cannot charge you anything upfront.

You can also work with a non-lawyer representative, such as someone from a disability advocacy organization. These representatives charge less and can help you through the process and appeal process. To find a representative in California, contact your local Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities (P&A) office or search for "SSDI representative near me."

California State Disability Insurance (SDI) vs. SSDI

California has its own short-term disability program called State Disability Insurance (SDI). This is different from SSDI. SDI covers disabilities expected to last between 8 days and 52 weeks—for example, recovery from surgery or a temporary injury. SSDI covers disabilities expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.

If you have a temporary disability, you may be able to get SDI while you wait for your SSDI decision. You explore for SDI through the California Employment Development Department (EDD) at edd.ca.gov. The two programs do not conflict—you can receive both at the same time if you meet the requirements for each.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I work while my SSDI process is being reviewed?

Yes. You can work and earn money while Social Security reviews your case. However, if you earn more than about $1,550 per month (the amount changes each year), Social Security may conclude you are able to work and deny your process. If you do work, report your earnings honestly when Social Security asks.

What if I do not have medical records from the past few years?

Tell Social Security when you explore. If you have not seen a doctor recently because you could not afford it, Social Security may pay for an exam. If your condition is well-known to a doctor you saw years ago, Social Security can still request old records. Start with the doctors you have seen, even if it has been a while.

Do I need to be a U.S. citizen to get SSDI?

No. You must be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) or have a work visa. You also need a Social Security number. Undocumented immigrants cannot get SSDI, but they may be able to get other forms of support through California.

How much money will I get if I am approved?

Your monthly payment depends on your work history and earnings record. The average payment in 2024 is around $1,500 per month, but it varies widely. Social Security will tell you the estimated amount before you are approved. You can also create an account at ssa.gov/myaccount to see your earnings record and estimated benefit amount.

What if I move out of California while my process is pending?

Your process continues normally. SSDI is a federal program, so it does not matter which state you live in. Tell Social Security your new address so they can send you mail and contact you if they need more information.